Fundamentos del ajuste de EFI

I also hate that VE term. To me it's not realistic and is something totally made up. The reason why I think so is simply the fact that gasoline engines work with air and fuel masses, not the volumes. When we say that AFR is 12:1 for instance, we basically saying it is 12 units of air MASS and 1 of unit fuel MASS. That's is the fundamental principle of combustion engine work. So no volume is in this picture at all. And if we want to introduce some kind of engine breathing efficiency measurement we need to compare air masses (theoretical maximum at standard conditions vs actual mass entered the combustion chamber), not theoretical volumes (even brought to standard conditions). That's easier and gives us direct answer whilst comparing volumes is additional step that isn't necessary since you still need to know masses for AFR calculation...

As far as calculating VE for NA engines it's very simple- at any engine speed you measure actual absolute pressure in intake manifold, correct it to standard conditions (which is 0 degrees C, 0 humidity) and compare it to theoretical 1Bar atmospheric pressure at standard conditions. For example, when your engine is making 0.95 Bar in the intake manifold at WOT at 7000 RPM you need to convert it to the standard conditions. Let's say after conversation you get 0.98 Bar which makes engine VE 98 percent at 7000 rpm and 100 percent load. Now you do the same for part throttle. 4000 RPM, 50 percent load and 0.4Bar absolute pressure in intake manifold - again, convert it to standard conditions and let's say we get 0.42Bar. Now we devide 42/50 = 0.84, so engine VE at 4000 RPM and 50 percent load is 84 percent...

For boosted engines VE should be calculated only in NA mode as additional air mass gets inside the engine not because of better efficiency but simply forced by turbo and in most cases even against bad efficiency number (VE)...

We know from the previous module that the actual value in a volumetric efficiency is based on the MAF sensor data. Now let's consider that we don't have a MAF sensor. Then how do we calculate the VE value? please explain the calculation for actual volume calculation.